Oil and Gas

Participants will learn to:

1. Operate more effectively, and work more collaboratively, with their Reservoir Engineering colleagues, particularly in reservoir model design.
2. Interpret original fluid contacts, through analysis of logs and pressure vs. depth profi les, prior to production start-up; understand saturation vs height relationships and estimate original hydrocarbon in place volumes, for both oil and gas reservoirs. Volumetric estimation in CSG situations will be addressed.
3. Employ fluid sampling techniques. Differentiate the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons and their description through phase diagrams.
4. Examine the uses and importance of well tests, and appraise how analysis is conducted. Testing procedures for CSG potential will be discussed.
5. Analyse production performance in the wellbore, and debate artificial lift techniques. Compare production enhancement through stimulation, horizontal wells and completion techniques. Compare pumping methods for CSG wells.
6. Examine the processes and interfaces of building both static and dynamic reservoir models. Show awareness of the principles, objectives, demands and uses of reservoir numerical simulation techniques and its validation. Discuss the history matching process, the hierarchy of matching criteria and sequence of model adjustments to create a match.
7. Analyse the importance of continued reservoir management for forecasting future production profiles and maximising economic hydrocarbon recovery from a producing field over the complete life cycle.
8. Examine the controls on fluid fl ow in the reservoir, reservoir drive mechanisms; re-establish fluid contacts after monitoring their movement.

Introduction

BASIC RESERVOIR ROCK AND FLUID DESCRIPTION

1. Controls on fluid flow in the reservoir

• Reservoir zonation
• Rock permeability, and relationship with porosity
• Dual porosity systems with reference to CSG

2. Defining fluid contacts and estimating volumetrics in traditional reservoir settings

• Basic reservoir volumetrics
• Defining fluid contacts; RFT pressure measurements and Pressure vs Depth relationships
• Overview of capillary pressures and saturation-height relationships
• Volumetric estimation in CSG accumulations

3. Reservoir fluid properties

• Fluid sampling
• Analysis of fluid samples
• Chemical properties of hydrocarbons
• Physical properties of hydrocarbons
• Phase diagrams
• Adsorption isotherms in CSG

4. Well test analysis

• Uses of well testing
• Planning a well test
• Well testing operations with reference to CSG – field desorption testing
• Well test analysis – determining kh, skin, PI, boundary effects
• Analysis principles
• Analysis techniques – semi-log and log-log analysis
• The components of total skin
• Special test types including CSG

DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF RESERVOIR FLUIDS

5. Material balance and fluid displacement

• Traditional drive mechanisms; depletion, gas cap drive, water drive
• Material balance for oil reservoirs
• Fluid displacement on a macroscopic scale; sweep efficiency
• Fluid displacement on a microscopic scale; relative permeability
• Estimating recovery factors in traditional reservoirs
• Diff use and segregated flow regimes
• Material balance for gas reservoirs
• Matrix and fracture flow behaviour in CSG
• Effect of depressurisation in a CSG reservoir - desorption

6. Dynamic well performance

• The inflow performance relationship
• Tubing performance curves
• Horizontal wells
• Casing design and well completions – specific reference to CSG wells
• Well stimulation; fracturing and acidisation
• Fracturing coal seams

The course is aimed at geoscientists and professionals from other disciplines who interface with reservoir engineers in their regular work, or who wish to obtain a broad grounding in reservoir engineering techniques. It is appropriate for reservoir or production geoscientists at an introductory level and for exploration geoscientists at an intermediate or advanced level.